Monospaced font forrásának megtekintése

{{short description|Font whose characters occupy the same amount of horizontal space}}
{{redirect|Monospace|the font named "Monospace"|Monospace (typeface)|the car style|Monovolume}}
{{distinguish|Monotype (disambiguation){{!}}Monotype}}

{{refimprove|date=May 2014}}
[[File:Proportional-vs-monospace-v5.svg|400px|Comparison between [[Variable-width font|variable-width fonts]] and monospaced fonts|thumb]]
A '''monospaced font''', also called a '''fixed-pitch''', '''fixed-width''', or '''non-proportional font''', is a [[font]] whose letters and characters each occupy the same amount of horizontal space.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Typographic Desk Reference|last=Rosendorf|first=Theodore|year=2009|publisher=Oak Knoll Press|location=New Castle, Delaware|isbn=978-1-58456-231-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/typographicdeskr0000rose/page/12 12]|url=https://archive.org/details/typographicdeskr0000rose/page/12}}</ref>{{efn|1=This definition does not apply to fonts with [[CJK characters|CJK]] support; see {{section link|Duospaced font|In CJK typography}}.}} This contrasts with [[Typeface#Proportion|variable-width fonts]], where the letters and spacings have different widths.
 
Monospaced fonts are customary on [[typewriter]]s and for [[typesetting]] computer code.

Monospaced fonts were widely used in early [[computer]]s and [[computer terminal]]s, which had limited graphical capabilities.  Hardware implementation was simplified by using a [[text mode]] where the screen layout was addressed as a regular grid of tiles, each of which could be set to display a character by indexing into the hardware's character map.  Some systems allowed colored text to be displayed by varying the foreground and background color for each tile.  Other effects included [[reverse video]] and blinking text.  Nevertheless, these early systems were typically limited to a single [[Command-line interface|console]] font.

Even though computers can now display a wide variety of fonts, the majority of [[integrated development environment|IDEs]] and software [[text editors]] employ a monospaced font as the default typeface. This increases the readability of [[source code]], which is often heavily reliant on distinctions involving individual symbols, and makes differences between letters more unambiguous in situations like password entry boxes where typing mistakes are unacceptable.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spolsky|first1=Joel|title=User Interface Design For Programmers|url=http://www.joelonsoftware.com/uibook/fog0000000249.html|website=Joel On Software|date=24 October 2001 |access-date=17 November 2014}}</ref>  Monospaced fonts are also used in [[terminal emulation]] and for laying out tabulated data in plain text documents. In technical manuals and resources for programming languages, a monospaced font is often used to distinguish code from natural-language text. Monospaced fonts are also used by [[disassembler]] output, causing the information to align in vertical columns.

[[Optical character recognition]] has better accuracy with monospaced fonts.  Examples are [[OCR-A]] and [[OCR-B]].

The term ''modern'' is sometimes used as a synonym for ''monospace'' generic font family. The term ''modern'' can be used for a fixed-pitch generic font family name, which is used in [[OpenDocument]] format (ISO/IEC 26300:2006) and [[Rich Text Format]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.1/OS/OpenDocument-v1.1.pdf |title=OpenDocument v1.1 specification |access-date=2010-05-01}}.</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://latex2rtf.sourceforge.net/RTF-Spec-1.0.txt |format=TXT |title=Microsoft Product Support Services Application Note (Text File) – GC0165: RICH-TEXT FORMAT (RTF) SPECIFICATION |author=Microsoft Corporation |date=June 1992 |access-date=2010-03-13}}.</ref>

[[Samples of monospaced typefaces|Examples of monospaced fonts]] include [[Courier (typeface)|Courier]], [[Lucida Console]], [[Menlo (typeface)|Menlo]], [[Monaco (typeface)|Monaco]], [[Consolas]], [[Inconsolata]], [[PragmataPro]] and [[Source Code Pro]].

== Use in art ==
Multiple art forms have developed within computers' and typewriters' monospaced typographic settings in which the ''n''th character of every line align vertically with each other. (Such a group of characters is sometimes called a column.) A proportional and monospaced font's reproduction of an element of ANSI art, [[Box-drawing characters|line drawing]], is illustrated below.
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Proportional font !! Monospaced font
|-
|align="left"|<pre style="border:none; font-family: sans-serif;">
┌─┐ ┌┬┐
│ │ ├┼┤
└─┘ └┴┘
</pre>
|align="left"|<pre style="border:none; font-family: monospace;">
┌─┐ ┌┬┐
│ │ ├┼┤
└─┘ └┴┘
</pre>
|}

The failure of a proportional font to reproduce the desired boxes above motivates monospaced fonts' use in the creation and viewing of [[ASCII art|ASCII]] and [[ANSI art|ANSI]] art. Some poetry composed monospaced on typewriters or computers also depends on the vertical alignment of character columns. [[E. E. Cummings]]' poetry is often set in monospaced type for this reason.{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}} Some classic video games (e.g. [[Rogue (video game)|Rogue]] and [[NetHack]]) and those imitating their style (e.g. [[Dwarf Fortress]]) use a monospaced grid of characters to render their state for the player. [[Quiz Show (video game)|''Quiz Show'']] (1976) is believed to be the first video game to use 8×8 monospaced "arcade font", which got widely adopted by computer games of the time.

== Tabular figures ==
{{see also|Typeface#Typesetting numbers}}[[File:Proportional vs Tabular figures.svg|thumb|Some fonts, such as [[Hepta Slab]] (shown above), contains both proportional (left) and tabular (right) figures. [[CSS]] can be used to choose between these two sets of numeral glyphs.]] 
[[File:Proportional & Tabular figures.tiff|thumb|Proportional (upper) and tabular (lower) figures in [[Palatino]]]]
Many fonts that generally are not monospaced have numerals that are known as tabular figures.<ref name="Adobe Clean">{{cite web|title=A New Face for Adobe|url=http://blog.typekit.com/2009/05/05/a_new_face_for_1/|website=Typekit Blog|publisher=Adobe|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="Shinntype Modern Suite specification">{{cite web|last1=Shinn|first1=Nick|title=Shinntype Modern Suite specification|url=http://shinntype.com/wp-content/uploads/files/pdf/Scotch_Modern.pdf|publisher=Shinntype|access-date=16 October 2015|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042806/http://shinntype.com/wp-content/uploads/files/pdf/Scotch_Modern.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> As tabular spacing makes all numbers with the same number of digits the same width, it is used for typesetting documents such as price lists, stock listings and sums in mathematics textbooks, all of which require columns of numbers to line up on top of each other for easier comparison.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Strizver|first1=Elaine|title=Proportional vs. Tabular Figures|url=http://www.fonts.com/content/learning/fontology/level-3/numbers/proportional-vs-tabular-figures|website=fonts.com|publisher=Monotype Imaging|access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref> Tabular spacing is also a common feature of simple printing devices such as [[cash register]]s and date-stamps.<ref>{{cite web|title=Revenue|url=http://www.typography.com/fonts/numbers/inside/revenue|publisher=Hoefler & Frere-Jones|access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref> Fonts intended for professional use in documents such as business reports may also make the bold numbers take up the same width as the numbers in regular style; the consistency between styles is called "[[duplexing (font)|duplexing]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Gotham Numerics|url=http://www.typography.com/fonts/gotham/features/gotham-numerics|publisher=Hoefler & Frere-Jones|access-date=27 September 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Duplexing numerals Concourse.png|thumb|[[duplexed (font)|Duplexed]] numerals in [[Matthew Butterick|Concourse]]. The bold and non-bold digits have the same width.]]

The alternative to tabular spacing is proportional spacing, which places the numbers closely together, reducing empty space in a document, and is thought to allow the numbers to blend into the text more effectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gotham: Numerics|url=http://www.typography.com/fonts/gotham/features/gotham-numerics|publisher=[[Hoefler & Frere-Jones]]|access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref> With modern fonts using the TrueType or [[OpenType]] formats, it is possible to include both proportional and tabular figures in the same font file, and choose between them using font options settings in applications such as [[word processor]]s or web browsers.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Butterick|first1=Matthew|title=Alternate figures: consider the context|url=http://practicaltypography.com/alternate-figures.html|website=Butternick's Practical Typography}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Saller|first1=Carol|title=Old-Style Versus Lining Figures|url=http://chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/2012/03/14/old-style-versus-lining-figures/|newspaper=[[Chronicle of Higher Education]]|access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bergsland|first1=David|title=Using numbers in the proper case|url=http://www.graphic-design.com/DTG/bergsland/numbering_typography.html|publisher=Design & Publishing Center|access-date=4 August 2014|archive-date=19 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019050624/http://www.graphic-design.com/DTG/bergsland/numbering_typography.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Other uses==
In [[biochemistry]], monospaced fonts are preferred for displaying [[nucleic acid]] and [[protein]] sequences, as they ensure that the representation of every [[nucleotide]] or [[amino acid]] occupies the same amount of space. Alignment of the letters makes it easier to compare different sequences visually.

Both [[screenplays]] and [[Play (theatre)|stage play]] scripts frequently use monospaced fonts, to make it easier to judge the time a script will last for from the number of pages. The industry standard is 12 point [[Courier (typeface)|Courier]]. A tradition holds that, on this format, one page of script will take one minute of screen or stage time.<ref>{{cite web|last1=August|first1=John|title=How accurate is the page-per-minute rule?|date=22 March 2006 |url=http://johnaugust.com/2006/how-accurate-is-the-page-per-minute-rule|access-date=17 November 2014}}</ref>

Monospaced fonts are frequently used in [[tablature]] music for guitar and bass guitar. Each line in a tabulature represents a guitar string, which requires that chords played across multiple strings be tabbed in vertical sequence, a feat accomplished only with the predictability of fixed width.

==See also==
* [[List of monospaced typefaces]]
* [[Duospaced font]]
* [[Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Typography terms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Monospaced Font}}
[[Category:Monospaced typefaces| ]]
[[Category:Typesetting]]